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水质标准 |
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环境指标：乙腈
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关键词：环境 乙腈
| 别名 |
Acetonitrile |
| Methyl cyanide |
| Ethanenitrile |
| 分析方法 |
EPA Method 8240B |
| EPA Method 8260A |
| 分子式 |
C2H3N |
| 用途 |
In organic synthesis as starting material for acetophenone, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, thiamine, acetamidine. To remove tars, phenols, & coloring matter from petroleum hydrocarbons which are not soluble in acetonitrile. To extract fatty acids from fish liver oils & other animals & vegetable oils. Can be used to recrystallize steroids. As an indifferent medium in physicochemical investigations. Wherever a polar solvent having a rather high dielectric constant is required. As medium for promoting reactions involving ionization. As a solvent in non-aqueous titrations. As a nonaqueous solvent for inorganic salts. Acrylic fibers; pharmaceuticals; perfumes; nitrile rubber; ABS resins Acetonitrile is used as a chemical intermediate in pesticide manufacture. Solvent for both inorganic and organic compounds, including polymers. Starting material for many types of nitrogen-containing compounds, eg, amides, amines, higher molecular weight mono- and dinitriles; halogenated nitriles; ketones; isocyanates; and heterocycles, eg, pyridines and imidazolines A variety of lithium salts when dissolved in anhydrous organic solvents, eg, acetonitrile from electrolyte compositions for nonaqueous batteries. |
| 外观颜色 |
COLORLESS, LIMPID LIQUID |
| 嗅味 |
AROMATIC ODOR ; ETHER-LIKE ODOR |
| 沸点 |
81.6 DEG C AT 760 MM HG |
| 熔点 |
-45 DEG C |
| 分子量 |
41.05 |
| 密度 |
SP GR: 0.78745 @ 15 DEG C/4 DEG C |
| 味阈浓度 |
Low: 70.0 mg/cu m; High: 70.0 mg/cu m; Irritating: 875 mg/cu m |
| 敏感度 |
Immediately irritating to the eye. May cause skin irritation. Vapor: irritating to eyes, nose and throat. Liquid: irritating to skin and eyes. |
| 环境影响 |
Acetonitrile is released to the environment during its manufacture and use, from shale oil retorting and coal gasification, incineration of polyacrylonitrile, from automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. If released to soil, aerobic biodegradation is likely to occur. Acetonitrile is expected to be mobile in soil and may evaporate from soil surfaces. Biodegradation is expected to be a major loss process in water. Acclimatization increases the biodegradation rate substantially. Volatilization may become competitive with other loss processes particularly at shallow water depths. Hydrolysis, photolysis, adsorption to suspended particles and sediments and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms are not likely to be important fate mechanisms. Acetonitrile is likely to be unreactive towards direct photolysis in air and the half-lives for its reaction with OH radicals and ozone have been estimated to be 535 days and 860 days, respectively. Therefore, it will persist in the troposphere for a long time and may be transported a long distance from its source of emission. Wet deposition may remove some of the atmospheric acetonitrile. Adequate data regarding its typical concentrations in air, water and total diet sample are not available to estimate intake from these exposure routes. |
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环境降解？
Environmental Fate |
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Although no conclusive study demonstrating the biodegradability of acetonitrile in grab soil samples is available, it can be inferred from the pure culture and biodegradability studies in water that the compound may biodegrade in soil. Photolysis studies in air(3,4) and hydrolysis studies in water suggest that acetonitrile would not undergo appreciable photolysis or hydrolysis in soil. Based on an estimated Koc value of 16(1,6), acetonitrile would be weakly sorbed to most soils. The high water solubility, moderately high vapor pressure , and weak soil sorption of the compound sugg
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