关键词：中国 中国 高压 统计
黄 菲 姜治娜
(青岛海洋大学海洋环境学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 该文利用美国NCEP再分析资料24年(1976～1999年)的逐日12ｈ欧亚大陆(0°E～150°E,20°N～90°N)500hPa位势高度场资料，对阻塞高压(简称阻高)的活动进行了统计分析。结果表明，阻高主要发生在乌拉尔山地区。阻高活动有明显的季节性变化，春夏季阻塞形势发生得最多，持续时间最长，秋季最少且持续时间短。小波分析和离散功率谱分析都表明阻高发生的频数存在明显的年际变化，主要包含3～4年和准8年的周期振荡。进一步研究表明，乌拉尔山附近(50°N～80°E)的阻高活动与夏季江淮流域的降水有着很好的正相关，与华南、华北、东北区域的降水有着很好的负相关；而贝加尔湖附近(80°E～120°E)的阻高与中国东部的降水关系则正好相反。冬春季(1～3月)阻高活动对当年夏季的降水有着一定的中长期预报意义。
关键词 欧亚大陆；阻塞高压；夏季降水
中图法分类号 P434 文章编号 1001-1862(2002)02-186-07
Study on the Statistical Characteristics of Atmospheric Blocking in the Eurasia and its Relationship with the Summer Rainfall over the East of China
Huang Fei Jiang Zhina
(College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract Based on the data of the daily 500hpa at 12GMT in the Eurasia (0°E～150°E,20°N～90°N) from 1976 to 1999 reanalyzed by NCEP and NCAR , the blocking activity is analyzed statistically. The results show that Ural is the most preferred area for blocking occurrence. Blocking activity has obviously seasonal variations, number of days of blocking in spring is at the most, while that in autumn is at the least. Frequency of blocking possesses obvious interannual variability mainly in 3～4 year and quasi-8 year oscillation. More researches make it clear that there is a close positive relation between summer blocking in the neighborhood of Ural (50°E～80°E) and the precipitations over the Changjiang River and the Huaihe River basins, negative relation between summer blocking and the precipitations over the South of China, the North of China and the Northeast of China; Blocking in the neighborhood of Baikal has close positive relation to the precipitations over the South of China, the North of China and the Northeast of China; negative relation to the precipitations over the Changjiang River and the Huaihe River basins. The blocking at the beginning of the year (January to March) is significative in the mid-to long-range forecaot, in some sense, to the summer precipitation of the same year based on the close correlationship between them.
Key words eurasia; blocking; summer precipitation
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